UpGuard monitors for a variety of typosquatting permutation types. In the examples below, we'll use the domain example.com to illustrate how they differ from one another.
Typing error typosquatting permutations
Insertion: Inserts characters next to other characters which are close to each other on a keyboard e.g. examople.com.
Omission: This removes a single character from the domain name e.g. eample.com
Repetition: This repeats a single character from the domain name e.g. exaample.com
Replacement: Replaces a character with another character that is close to it on a keyboard e.g. examole.com
Transposition:
Swaps the positions of 2 adjacent characters e.g. examlpe.com
Vowel swap:
Swaps vowels in the domain name e.g. examplo.com
Visual similarity typosquatting permutations
Addition: A letter is added to the end of the domain name e.g. examplea.com
Homoglyph: Characters are replaced with another character which is visually similar. See below for details.
Hyphenation: Inserts hyphens at various positions in the domain name e.g. exam-ple.com
Subdomain: Inserts a period in the domain name to create a subdomain of a different parent domain e.g. exa**.**mple.com
TLD swap: Changes the TLD of the domain e.g. example**.io**
Other typosquatting permutations
Bitsquatting: A single bit is changed in the domain name e.g. excmple.com. This is designed to exploit faulty storage devices which mutate bits in the domain name.
Dictionary: Appends a word to the start or end of the domain, e.g. example-download.com or businessexample.com for example.com